因为PC/SC是Windows的体系，以系统API的层面服务应用。所以一直以来智能卡相关的读卡器和工具都集中在Windows上，而在unix体系下则一直水土不服。值得庆幸的是随着开源组织M.U.S.C.L.E (Movment for the Use of Smart in Linux Environment)的积极努力下，pcsclite作为Xnix下的PC/SC设备框架和应用接口已经成为了事实上的标准，Mac的Lion系统更是已经在发行版里面集成了此服务。下面以ubuntu 12.0.4 发行版为例子。
#首先安装pcsc的守护进程pcscd和工具
sudo apt-get -y install libusb-dev
sudo apt-get -y install pcscd
#然后安装支持pcsc的读卡器驱动（例子为内置的ACR ACS38U，其它读卡器也可以到网站下载安装)
sudo apt-get -y install libacr38u
#连接读卡器，插卡后运行扫描工具验证安装结果
pcsc_scan
结果如下：
PC/SC device scanner
V 1.4.18 (c) 2001-2011, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.7.4
Using reader plug'n play mechanism
Scanning present readers...
0: ACS ACR38U 00 00
Thu Sep 20 12:55:08 2012
Reader 0: ACS ACR38U 00 00
Card state: Card inserted, Shared Mode,
ATR: 3B 1D 94 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
ATR: 3B 1D 94 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
+ TS = 3B --> Direct Convention
+ T0 = 1D, Y(1): 0001, K: 13 (historical bytes)
TA(1) = 94 --> Fi=512, Di=8, 64 cycles/ETU
62500 bits/s at 4 MHz, fMax for Fi = 5 MHz => 78125 bits/s
+ Historical bytes: 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
Category indicator byte: 42 (proprietary format)
Possibly identified card (using /usr/share/pcsc/smartcard_list.txt):
NONE
Your card is not present in the database.
You can get the latest version of the database from
http://ludovic.rousseau.free.fr/softwares/pcsc-tools/smartcard_list.txt
or use: wget http://ludovic.rousseau.free.fr/softwares/pcsc-tools/smartcard_list.txt --output-document=/home/caesarzou/.smartcard_list.txt
If your ATR is still not in the latest version then please send a mail
to <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr> containing:
#到此为止，PC/SC驱动已经打通，现在我们试试发个APDU
sudo apt-get -y install pcsc-tools
gscriptor
这是一个图形界面的工具，在Script框里面输入:
00A4040000
点Run按钮，可以看到连接提示，然后就是结果：
Beginning script execution...
Sending: 00 A4 04 00 00
Received: 6C 12
Wrong length Le: should be 0x12
Script was executed without error...
#恭喜你，卡片访问成功，现在你一定心痒难耐，想创建你自己的应用了吧？
#安装开发库
sudo apt-get install libpcsclite-dev
#安装eclipse的cdt作为开发环境
sudo apt-get -y install g++
sudo apt-get -y install eclipse eclipse-cdt
#打开eclipse，新建一个C工程，在c文件中加入
#include <PCSC/winscard.h>
#链接到pcsclite库：在C/C++ build / GCC Linker / Libraries 增加 pcsclite
#现在你会幸福的发现，winscard.h里面提供的类型定义和接口和windows是一致的，我们从windows中拷贝一段代码过来：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <PCSC/winscard.h>
int main(void) {
SCARDCONTEXT m_hContext;
SCARDHANDLE m_hCard;
SCARD_IO_REQUEST io;
char pmszReaders[100];
BYTE CAPDU[] = {0x00,0xA4,0x04,0x00,0x00};
BYTE RAPDU[256+2];
DWORD cch = 100;
DWORD i = 0;
//Insert
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER, NULL, NULL, &m_hContext))
{
printf("Context error");
return -1;
}
//List Reader
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardListReaders(m_hContext, NULL, pmszReaders, &cch))
{
printf("List Reader error");
return -2;
}
printf("List Readers\n");
while(i<cch)
{
printf("%s\n",pmszReaders+i);
i += strlen(pmszReaders);
i ++;
}
//Connect first Reader
io.cbPciLength = sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST);
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardConnect(m_hContext, pmszReaders, SCARD_SHARE_SHARED, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0|SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1, &m_hCard, &io.dwProtocol))
{
printf("Connect Card error");
return -3;
}
//Transmit APDU
cch = 256+2;
if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardTransmit(m_hCard, &io, CAPDU, 5, NULL, RAPDU, &cch))
{
printf("Transmit APDU error");
return -4;
}
//echo
printf("Transmit APDU\n");
printf("CAPDU: ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
sprintf(pmszReaders,"%02X",CAPDU[i]);
printf("%s",pmszReaders);
}
printf("\n");
printf("RAPDU: ");
for(i=0;i<cch;i++)
{
sprintf(pmszReaders,"%02X",RAPDU[i]);
printf("%s",pmszReaders);
}
printf("\n");
//DisConnect
SCardDisconnect(m_hCard, SCARD_EJECT_CARD);
//Eject
SCardReleaseContext(m_hContext);
//puts("!!!Hello World!!!"); /* prints !!!Hello World!!! */
return 0;
}#编译运行，输出：List Readers
ACS ACR38U 00 00
Transmit APDU
CAPDU: 00A4040000
RAPDU: 6C12
大功告成！下一个攻略我会讲一下在ubuntu上基于JavaCard环境和工具的配置，敬请期待。
注：
ubuntu上libpcsclite的头文件默认位置在/usr/include/PCSC中，多了个目录，有的版本在编译的时候可能有#include 文件错误，可以自行修改如下：
sudo vim /usr/include/PCSC/winscard.h
将#include <pcsclite.h>修改为#include <PCSC/pcsclite>，保存退出
sudo vim /usr/include/PCSC/pcsclite.h
将#include <wintypes.h>修改为#include <PCSC/wintypes.h>，保存推出
附件：
ubuntu上的eclipse工程：猛击下载
Mac上的xcode工程：猛击下载
源代码附上:
//全局变量 bool resumeDownload = false; //是否需要下载的标记位 long downloadFileLenth = 0; //需要下载的总大小, 远程文件的大小
/* 得到本地文件大小的函数, 若不是续传则返回0, 否则返回指定路径地址的文件大小 */
long getLocalFileLenth(const char* localPath){
if (!resumeDownload){
return 0;
}
return fs_open(localPath).fs_size();
}
/* 得到远程文件的大小, 要下载的文件大小 */
long getDownloadFileLenth(const char *url){
long downloadFileLenth = 0;
CURL *handle = curl_easy_init();
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, url);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1); //只需要header头
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 1); //不需要body
if (curl_easy_perform(handle) == CURLE_OK) {
curl_easy_getinfo(handle, CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD, &downloadFileLenth);
} else {
downloadFileLenth = -1;
}
return downloadFileLenth;
}
/* scomoDownload回调的计算进度条的函数 */
void getProgressValue(const char* localSize, double dt, double dn, double ult, double uln){
double showTotal, showNow;
showTotal = downloadFileLenth;
int localNow = atoi (localSize.c_str());
showNow = localNow + dn;
showProgressBar(showTotal, showNow);
}
/* 直接进行下载的函数 */
public CurlCode scomoDownload(long timeout) {
long localFileLenth = getLocalFileLenth();
const char *localFileLenthStr;
sprint(localFileLenthStr, %ld, localFileLenth);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, mUrl);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, timeout);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT, 0);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, &writeDataCallback);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, this);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM_LARGE, localFileLenth);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_ PROGRESSFUNCTION, getProgressValue);
curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_PROGRESSDATA, localFileLenthStr);
if (curl_easy_perform) {
resumeDownload = true;
return DS_FAILED;
} else {
resumeDownload = false;
return DS_FINISHED;
}
}
/* downloadControl函数用来控制整个下载过程的节奏, 控制下载的次数, 每次等待的时间等 */
public void downloadControler(){
downloadFileLenth = getDownloadFileLenth(); //下载前得到要下载的文件大小赋值给全局变量
int times = 605; //600次*50ms=5分钟, 以此确保5分钟内的重试次数, 而5次是正常下载的中断次数, 意思即是5次内能正常完成下载.
int count = 0;
int timeout = 30;
DSTATUS dstatus = DS_FAILED;
while (count++ < times){
status = scomoDownload(timeout);
if (dstatus == DS_FINISHED){
break;
}
Thread.sleep(500); //每次下载中间间隔500毫秒
}
resumeDownload = false; //不管下载成功或失败, 完成while循环后将标志回位
if (dstaus == DS_FINISHED) {
updateApp(); //执行软件安装的操作…
}
SAFE_DELETE(localFile); //流程最后要确保本地文件删除
}
resumeDownload是一个非常重要的标记位, 主要用来标识是否需要续传下载, 在初始化时为false, 在下载完成后也应回位成false, 下载过程中若因时间中断未下载完成也为false.
处理下载中掉电后续传也需要这个标记位, 在程序启动时, 进行检测, 若上次没下载完, 修改标志位为true, 然后调用下载入口函数downloadController:
if (scomo_status == 30){
resumeDownload = true;
downloadController();
}
若下载环境正常, 1个小时内可以完成的下载可以直接使用此方案来下载, 不用修改控制, 但若是超过1小时的下载, 需要将本方案进行改进. 基本上就是将605那里分开判断600+x, 其中600为每次断网后应重试的次数, x为正常下载应该进行的计数, 分别计算即可.
微信聊天窗口的信息效果类似iphone上的短信效果，以气泡的形式展现，在Android上，实现这种效果主要用到ListView和BaseAdapter，配合布局以及相关素材，就可以自己做出这个效果，素材可以下一个微信的APK，然后把后缀名改成zip，直接解压，就可以得到微信里面的所有素材了。首先看一下我实现的效果：
以下是工程目录结构：
接下来就是如何实现这个效果的代码：
main.xml，这个是主布局文件，显示listview和上下两部分内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="#f0f0e0" >
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/rl_top"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="44dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:background="#486a9a"
android:textColor="@android:color/white"
android:text="Chat"/>
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/rl_bottom"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:background="#486a9a"
android:paddingTop="5dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_send"
android:layout_width="70dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
android:text="Send" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_content"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/btn_send"
android:textSize="16sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/listview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_above="@id/rl_bottom"
android:layout_below="@id/rl_top"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:cacheColorHint="#00000000"
android:divider="@null"
android:listSelector="#00000000"
android:dividerHeight="3dp"
android:scrollbars="none"/>
</RelativeLayout>然后就是listview中两种类型item的布局文件，分别是接收信息的item效果和发送信息的item效果
chat_from_item.xml是接收信息的item布局：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingBottom="5dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_time"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:background="#bfbfbf"
android:paddingTop="2dp"
android:paddingBottom="2dp"
android:paddingLeft="4dp"
android:paddingRight="4dp"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="12sp" />
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="5dp" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_user_image"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:background="@drawable/mypic"
android:focusable="false" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/iv_user_image"
android:background="@drawable/chatfrom_bg"
android:gravity="left|center"
android:clickable="true"
android:focusable="true"
android:lineSpacingExtra="2dp"
android:minHeight="50dp"
android:textColor="#ff000000"
android:textSize="14sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>chat_to_item.xml是发送信息item的布局：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingBottom="5dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_time"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="#bfbfbf"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:paddingTop="2dp"
android:paddingBottom="2dp"
android:paddingLeft="4dp"
android:paddingRight="4dp"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="12sp" />
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="5dp" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_user_image"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:background="@drawable/mypic"
android:focusable="false" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/iv_user_image"
android:background="@drawable/chatto_bg"
android:gravity="left|center"
android:clickable="true"
android:focusable="true"
android:lineSpacingExtra="2dp"
android:textColor="#ff000000"
android:textSize="14sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>布局完成后新建一个实体类ChatEntity.java：
public class ChatEntity {
private int userImage;
private String content;
private String chatTime;
private boolean isComeMsg;
public int getUserImage() {
return userImage;
}
public void setUserImage(int userImage) {
this.userImage = userImage;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public String getChatTime() {
return chatTime;
}
public void setChatTime(String chatTime) {
this.chatTime = chatTime;
}
public boolean isComeMsg() {
return isComeMsg;
}
public void setComeMsg(boolean isComeMsg) {
this.isComeMsg = isComeMsg;
}
}
最后就是主Activity，这里面包括了自己写的BaseAdapter：
public class ChatDemoActivity extends Activity {
private Button sendButton = null;
private EditText contentEditText = null;
private ListView chatListView = null;
private List<ChatEntity> chatList = null;
private ChatAdapter chatAdapter = null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
contentEditText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.et_content);
sendButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
chatListView = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.listview);
chatList = new ArrayList<ChatEntity>();
ChatEntity chatEntity = null;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
chatEntity = new ChatEntity();
if (i % 2 == 0) {
chatEntity.setComeMsg(false);
chatEntity.setContent("Hello");
chatEntity.setChatTime("2012-09-20 15:12:32");
}else {
chatEntity.setComeMsg(true);
chatEntity.setContent("Hello,nice to meet you!");
chatEntity.setChatTime("2012-09-20 15:13:32");
}
chatList.add(chatEntity);
}
chatAdapter = new ChatAdapter(this,chatList);
chatListView.setAdapter(chatAdapter);
sendButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (!contentEditText.getText().toString().equals("")) {
//发送消息
send();
}else {
Toast.makeText(ChatDemoActivity.this, "Content is empty", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
private void send(){
ChatEntity chatEntity = new ChatEntity();
chatEntity.setChatTime("2012-09-20 15:16:34");
chatEntity.setContent(contentEditText.getText().toString());
chatEntity.setComeMsg(false);
chatList.add(chatEntity);
chatAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
chatListView.setSelection(chatList.size() - 1);
contentEditText.setText("");
}
private class ChatAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
private Context context = null;
private List<ChatEntity> chatList = null;
private LayoutInflater inflater = null;
private int COME_MSG = 0;
private int TO_MSG = 1;
public ChatAdapter(Context context,List<ChatEntity> chatList){
this.context = context;
this.chatList = chatList;
inflater = LayoutInflater.from(this.context);
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return chatList.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return chatList.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public int getItemViewType(int position) {
// 区别两种view的类型，标注两个不同的变量来分别表示各自的类型
ChatEntity entity = chatList.get(position);
if (entity.isComeMsg())
{
return COME_MSG;
}else{
return TO_MSG;
}
}
@Override
public int getViewTypeCount() {
// 这个方法默认返回1，如果希望listview的item都是一样的就返回1，我们这里有两种风格，返回2
return 2;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ChatHolder chatHolder = null;
if (convertView == null) {
chatHolder = new ChatHolder();
if (chatList.get(position).isComeMsg()) {
convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.chat_from_item, null);
}else {
convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.chat_to_item, null);
}
chatHolder.timeTextView = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_time);
chatHolder.contentTextView = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
chatHolder.userImageView = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_user_image);
convertView.setTag(chatHolder);
}else {
chatHolder = (ChatHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
chatHolder.timeTextView.setText(chatList.get(position).getChatTime());
chatHolder.contentTextView.setText(chatList.get(position).getContent());
chatHolder.userImageView.setImageResource(chatList.get(position).getUserImage());
return convertView;
}
private class ChatHolder{
private TextView timeTextView;
private ImageView userImageView;
private TextView contentTextView;
}
}
}
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